Which sociological theory suggests systems are in place to ensure some people perform necessary but undesirable tasks in society?

The correct answer draws upon the ideas put forth by sociologists Davis and Moore within the framework of functionalism. This theory posits that in every society, there are specific roles and tasks that need to be fulfilled for the overall functioning and stability of that society. Certain roles may be undesirable or involve unpleasant work, but they are still essential for the broader social system to operate smoothly.

According to Davis and Moore, societies develop mechanisms to ensure that these necessary tasks are performed, emphasizing how some roles may be less desirable yet crucial. The theory suggests that social stratification plays a role in incentivizing individuals to take on these roles, regardless of their unpleasant nature, as society benefits from their contribution. By performing these tasks, individuals help maintain the equilibrium and functionality of society as a whole, even if the tasks themselves are not glamorous or valued equally by all.

This perspective helps us to understand how social roles are allocated and emphasizes the functional importance of all tasks within the social structure, even those that may be viewed negatively. It further illustrates that social structures and stratification arise not merely from arbitrary assignment but as a response to the societal need for certain roles to be filled.