Which of the following is an example of cultural universals?

Cultural universals refer to elements, patterns, traits, or institutions that are common to all human cultures worldwide. These universals emerge from the fundamental experiences and challenges all societies face, such as family structures, social organization, and methods of communication.

Marriage is an example of a cultural universal because nearly every society has developed some form of marriage as a way to establish long-term partnerships, regulate sexual relationships, and create families. While the customs, regulations, and meanings surrounding marriage can vary greatly from one culture to another, the concept of forming unions exists universally across cultures.

In contrast, capitalism, Judaism, and racism are much more specifically associated with particular cultures or socio-economic systems. Capitalism is an economic system that has developed in various societies but is not found everywhere; Judaism is a specific religious tradition that does not apply to all cultures, and racism is a social construct that arises in particular historical and cultural contexts. Thus, these concepts do not qualify as cultural universals in the same way that marriage does.