What term describes the differential physical characteristics used to categorize large groups of people?

The term that describes the differential physical characteristics used to categorize large groups of people is race. This classification typically includes aspects such as skin color, facial features, and hair type, which are often used to group individuals into different racial categories.

Race as a concept is rooted in the idea that these physical characteristics can define social identity and group membership. It is important to note that while race can be a significant factor in societal dynamics, it is a social construct that often overlaps with, but is distinct from, other concepts such as ethnicity, which pertains to shared cultural traits, and community, which refers to a group of individuals who share common interests or geographic location. Culture encompasses the shared behaviors, beliefs, and values of a group, which can be separate from the physical characteristics associated with race. Understanding race in this context helps in analyzing social issues related to identity, inequality, and interaction in a diverse society.