What is primarily studied in the field of sociology?

The field of sociology primarily focuses on social phenomena and human behavior, which encompasses the study of how individuals interact with one another, the structures of societies, and the various cultural norms and values that shape social life. Sociologists analyze social relationships, institutions, and the influences of social contexts on behavior and attitudes. This includes examining patterns of behavior among groups, the formation of social norms, inequality within social structures, and how societal changes affect individuals and groups.

The other options do not align with the central concerns of sociology. Mathematical relations and equations pertain to mathematics and do not encompass social dynamics. The history of individual nations is more aligned with history or political science, focusing on past events rather than ongoing social patterns. Lastly, the anatomy of the human body is a subject within biology and medicine, focusing on physical structures rather than social interactions and behaviors. Thus, understanding social phenomena and human behavior is foundational to the study of sociology.