What is meant by the term "anomie" in sociology?

The term "anomie" in sociology refers to a condition where there is a breakdown of social norms and values within a society, leading to a state of instability. This concept, introduced by sociologist Émile Durkheim, illustrates how individuals may feel disconnected or alienated from their community when there is a lack of shared values or societal guidance. In times of anomie, people may experience confusion about societal expectations, leading to feelings of isolation and a decrease in social order.

The idea highlights the consequences of major societal changes, such as rapid industrialization or shifts in cultural norms, which can disrupt existing social structures and lead to increased rates of mental health issues, crime, and deviance as individuals struggle to adapt. Understanding anomie is crucial in sociology as it underscores the importance of social integration and the role of norms in maintaining social cohesion.