What concept is Max Weber best known for studying in sociology?

Max Weber is best known for his extensive analysis of bureaucracy, which he viewed as a fundamental part of modern social organization. Weber’s work highlighted how bureaucratic structures are essential for the efficient administration of large organizations and governments. He defined bureaucracy by characteristics such as a hierarchical structure, detailed rules and regulations, a clear division of labor, and impersonal relationships among members. This is particularly relevant in understanding how modern societies function and the implications of bureaucratic management on individual autonomy and social relationships.

Weber saw bureaucracy as a rational way to organize people and tasks, which was a significant departure from previous forms of administration that were often based on personal relationships or traditional authority. By emphasizing these features, Weber laid the groundwork for future studies in organizational theory and public administration, making his contributions to the concept of bureaucracy extremely influential in sociology.

The other concepts listed, such as colonialism, social identity, and cultural relativism, while important in their own right, do not align with Weber's primary focus, making bureaucracy the most accurate choice associated with his sociological studies.