In sociology, what does 'role' refer to?

The concept of 'role' in sociology is fundamentally about the duties and expectations associated with a specific position within a social structure. It encompasses the behaviors, norms, and responsibilities that society anticipates from individuals in particular social contexts, such as being a parent, teacher, friend, or employee. By fulfilling these roles, individuals contribute to the functioning and stability of their social environment.

While a job performed in a workplace might seem related to the concept of a role, it doesn't fully capture the broader sociological meaning, which includes social expectations and norms beyond professional settings. Similarly, the perception of an individual's identity pertains more to self-concept and individual identity rather than the societal expectations tied to roles. Talents and skills, while important characteristics of an individual, do not define their social role; rather, roles are about societal expectations and obligations. Therefore, the focus on the duties expected of an individual in a specific social position aligns perfectly with how roles are understood in sociology.