According to Pierre Bourdieu, working-class parents are just as concerned about their children's education as middle-class parents but lack __________.

Pierre Bourdieu's concept of cultural capital is a critical element in understanding the differences in educational outcomes between social classes. Cultural capital refers to non-financial social assets that promote social mobility. These assets can include education, intellect, style of speech, dress, or physical appearance.

Working-class parents often prioritize their children's education and support their aspirations just as much as middle-class parents do. However, they may lack the cultural capital that can influence educational success. For example, middle-class families might have greater familiarity with the educational system, better access to resources like tutoring or extracurricular activities, and the ability to navigate school environments effectively. This cultural capital is often acquired through socialization in environments that value education and academic achievement, which is less accessible to working-class families.

Thus, while working-class parents may be equally concerned about their children’s education, it is the absence of this cultural capital that creates barriers to effectively engaging with and maximizing educational opportunities.